Reference

Ingredient Library

Science-backed profiles of the most important skincare ingredients — what they do, who they’re for, and how to use them.

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Barrier repair Brightening

Niacinamide

Vitamin B3 — the skin’s multi-tasker

One of the most well-researched skincare ingredients. Strengthens the skin barrier, reduces redness, minimises pores, and brightens uneven tone — all in one.

Reduces inflammation and redness Strengthens the lipid barrier Fades hyperpigmentation
All skin types · 2–10% Full guide →
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Anti-aging Barrier repair

Peptides

Amino acid chains that signal skin repair

Short chains of amino acids that tell skin to produce more collagen, elastin, and barrier proteins. Gentle enough for sensitive skin.

Boosts collagen production Firms and plumps skin Supports barrier function
All skin types · AM & PM Full guide →
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Barrier repair Sensitive skin

Ceramides

The skin barrier’s essential building block

Lipids that make up 50% of the skin barrier. When depleted by harsh cleansers or over-exfoliation, the barrier breaks down. Ceramides replenish it directly.

Restores the skin barrier Locks in moisture Calms reactive skin
Dry · sensitive · damaged skin Full guide →
Anti-aging Cellular repair

NAD+

Cellular energy for skin repair

A coenzyme found in every cell that declines with age. Supports DNA repair, reduces oxidative stress, and improves skin resilience from within.

Supports cellular energy production Reduces oxidative damage Improves skin repair speed
Mature · stressed skin Full guide →
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Sensitive skin Barrier repair

Centella Asiatica

K-beauty’s favourite healing herb

A medicinal herb rich in asiaticoside and madecassoside — compounds that calm inflammation, accelerate wound healing, and strengthen the barrier.

Calms redness and irritation Speeds up skin healing Strengthens barrier lipids
Sensitive · rosacea · post-procedure Full guide →
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Hydration Sensitive skin

Hyaluronic Acid

The ultimate skin hydrator

A naturally occurring molecule that holds up to 1000x its weight in water. Plumps skin instantly and supports barrier function by keeping cells hydrated.

Instantly plumps and hydrates Reduces fine lines Suitable for all skin types
All skin types · AM & PM Full guide →
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Anti-aging Cell renewal

Retinol

Vitamin A — the gold standard of anti-aging

The most studied anti-aging ingredient in skincare. Speeds up cell turnover, stimulates collagen, and fades pigmentation. Requires a careful introduction for sensitive skin.

Accelerates cell renewal Stimulates collagen production Fades dark spots and fine lines
Normal · oily · aging skin · PM only Full guide →
Anti-aging Cell renewal

Retinal

Retinaldehyde — faster than retinol

One step closer to retinoic acid than retinol, making it up to 11x more potent. Delivers faster results with less irritation — the sweet spot for sensitive skin wanting retinoid benefits.

More potent than retinol Fewer irritation side effects Visible results in weeks
Most skin types · PM only · 0.03–0.1% Full guide →
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Brightening Antioxidant

Vitamin C

The brightening antioxidant powerhouse

A potent antioxidant that neutralises free radicals, brightens skin tone, and boosts collagen synthesis. L-ascorbic acid is the most effective form but can irritate sensitive skin.

Fades dark spots and dullness Protects against UV damage Boosts collagen synthesis
All skin types · AM · 10–20% Full guide →
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Barrier repair Hydration

Squalene

Skin’s own natural moisturiser

A lipid naturally produced by your skin’s sebaceous glands — but production declines with age. As a skincare ingredient it’s ultra-lightweight, non-comedogenic, and deeply nourishing.

Mimics skin’s natural oils Non-greasy and fast-absorbing Strengthens the lipid barrier
All skin types · AM & PM Full guide →
Brightening Sensitive skin

Azelaic Acid

The underrated acid for sensitive skin

A naturally occurring acid derived from grains. Gentle enough for rosacea and reactive skin. Targets hyperpigmentation, breakouts, and redness simultaneously.

Fades post-acne marks Calms rosacea flushing Safe during pregnancy
Sensitive · rosacea · acne-prone · 10–20% Full guide →

Not sure which ingredients your skin needs?

Read our beginner’s guide to building a barrier-repair routine from scratch.

Start here →
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